Disorder effects on interacting quantum many-body systems have recently seen rapidly rising interest. The principal goal is to understand the insulator-conductor transition in disordered materials. For non-interacting systems, this is explained by the localization-delocalization transition in the Anderson model. To understand if this phenomenon also appears in interacting systems poses considerable challenges due to the high complexity of the mathematical models. Particular interest arises from applications in quantum information theory, where prototypical models are given by quantum spin systems. Here one wants to understand the effects of disorder effects on quantum entanglement and information transport.
Despite many open questions, substantial progress has been made in recent years. There is now increasing consensus on the characteristics which describe the many-body localized phase of a disordered many-body system. Among these are absence of many-body transport (as mathematically described through Lieb-Robinson bounds), rapid decay of correlations of eigenstates and thermal states, as well as area laws for the bipartite entanglement of eigenstates. The XY spin chain in a random transversal field provides a first example where all these characteristics allow for fully rigorous mathematical proofs. What makes the XY chain analytically accessible is the possibility of reducing it, via the Jordan-Wigner transform, to an effective Hamiltonian given by the Anderson model. Thus many-body localization properties in the XY chain can be derived as consequences of known forms of Anderson localization.
Researchers Abdul-Rahman, Nachtergaele, Sims and Stolz, from different institution in the USA, give a full account of the results on localization properties for this model in Annalen der Physik. These detailed and quite specific results for the XY chain are helpful in shaping our understanding of the subtle issues raised by many-body localization, and can be used as a stepping stone to more general mathematical results about many-body localization in disordered quantum spin systems and other quantum many-body systems.
The text is kindly provided by Prof. Dr. Günter Stolz.
The article will be publishes in the forthcoming special issue Many-Body Localization
(Guest Editors: Jens H. Bardarson, Frank Pollmann, Ulrich Schneider, Shivaji Sondhi)
