Although many eukaryotic transcripts contain cap structures, it has been long thought that bacterial RNAs do not carry any special modifications on their 5′‐ends. In bacteria, primary transcripts are produced by transcription initiated with a nucleoside triphosphate and are therefore triphosphorylated on 5′‐ends.
Organisms have acquired sophisticated regulatory networks that control gene expression in response to cellular perturbations. Understanding of the mechanisms underlying the coordinated changes in gene expression in response to external and internal stimuli is a fundamental issue in biology.
RNA processing has emerged as a key mechanistic step in the regulation of the cellular response to environmental perturbation.
Mammalian cells are capable of recapping mRNAs that have lost their caps.
Sequencing of the human genome led to the surprising discovery that we do not have many more protein coding genes than presumably simpler organisms.
The key players within the pathways of RNA decay are well conserved with their mutation or disruption resulting in distinct phenotypes as well as human disease.
Specific examples of complex variants, differential effects of editing proteins on the mRNAs within and between T. brucei life stages, and possible control points in the holo-editosomes are examined.
Recent proteome‐wide approaches have greatly expanded the census of RNA‐binding proteins, discovering hundreds of proteins that interact with RNA through unconventional RBDs.
Bacterial plasmids constitute a wealth of shared DNA amounting to about 20% of the total prokaryotic pangenome. Plasmids replicate autonomously and control their replication by maintaining a fairly constant number of copies within a given host. Plasmids should acquire a good fitness to their hosts so that they do not constitute a genetic load.
The integrated stress response (ISR) is a highly-conserved pathway used by cells to respond to diverse cellular stresses.
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